Saturated pool nucleate boiling on heat transfer surface with deposited sea salts

上澤 伸一郎; 小泉 安郎; 柴田 光彦; 吉田 啓之

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science, 3(4), p.041002_1 - 041002_13, 2017/10

https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4036987

The progress of the accident of Fukushima Daiichi NPS has been calculated by severe accident analysis codes, for example, MAAP, SAMPSON and so on. However, the effects of the seawater on thermal-hydraulic behavior have not been considered in these calculations, although the seawater was injected into the reactors to cool down the nuclear fuels. Saturated pool nucleate boiling heat transfer experiments with on NaCl solution, natural seawater and artificial seawater were performed to examine the effects of salts on boiling heat transfer. The experimental results indicated that boiling curves were well predicted with the Rohsenow correlation although large coalescent bubble formation was inhibited in the NaCl solution, natural seawater and artificial seawater experiments. However, calcium sulfate was deposited on the heat transfer surface in the experiments with artificial seawater. After the formation of a deposit layer, a slow surface-temperature excursion was initiated at a heat flux lower than the usual critical heat flux. We confirmed that the relationship between the salt concentrations of the artificial seawater in the bulk fluid and the vaporization rate at the surface at which the slow surface-temperature excursion initiated. This relationship suggested that if the salt concentration of the seawater exceeded 11 wt%, the deposition of calcium sulfate on the heat transfer surface occurred even if the heat flux was zero.

シビアアクシデントの伝熱流動現象における素過程に関する研究; 溶融炉心プールと冷却水との液滴界面における熱伝達, 原子力基礎研究 H10-027-6 (委託研究)

三島 嘉一郎*; 齋藤 泰司*

JAERI-Tech 2002-014, 83 Pages, 2002/03

JAERI-Tech-2002-014.pdf:6.83MB

シビアアクシデント時の溶融燃料プールと冷却水との液液界面における熱伝達の把握を目的として、溶融ウッズメタルと蒸留水とを用いた定常及び非定常熱伝達実験を行った。定常実験では、自然対流領域から膜沸騰領域に至る沸騰曲線を取得するとともに、沸騰挙動を高速度ビデオにより観察した。非定常実験では、高温の溶融金属上に蒸留水を注入し、冷却過程における沸騰曲線を得た。得られた沸騰曲線を、固液系及び液液系に対する既存の相関式や実験データと比較し、以下の結論を得た。(1)界面の揺動が無視でき、かつ、界面に酸化膜に形成される場合には、液液系の沸騰曲線は、固液系の核沸騰及び膜沸騰領域の熱伝達相関式並びに限界熱流束相関式により概ね予測できる。(2)液液界面に酸化物が存在しない場合には、Novakovicらの水銀を用いた実験結果と同様、液液系の沸騰熱伝達は固液系の沸騰曲線により高過熱度側に移行する。(3)非定常状態における膜沸騰において、熱伝達率は、固液系の膜沸騰に対する推算値より約100%程度大きい値を示した。これは、界面全体の激しい揺動のために、みかけの熱伝達率が増大したものと考えられる。

On mechanistic prediction of critical heat flux for nuclear power plants, 4; Current status of experimental studies and measurement techniques for elucidating CHF mechanism in pool boiling

上澤 伸一郎

no journal, , 

Estimation of critical heat flux (CHF) is important for safety evaluation in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Generally, the CHF in NPPs is estimated by correlating equations based on experimental data because the CHF mechanism has not been entirely revealed. On the other hand, mechanistic prediction of the CHF is expected by development of measurement techniques and numerical analysis with dramatic improvement in computer performance. In Thermal Hydraulics Division and Computational Science and Engineering Division of Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ), a research expert committee of mechanistic prediction of the CHF in NPPs was established in 2018 to organize knowledge of CHF research and clarify the issues. In this presentation, previous studies of experiments and measurement techniques for elucidating CHF mechanism phenomena in pool boiling are reviewed, and the issues are discussed. To elucidate the CHF mechanism, dynamic behavior of temperature and dry patches on heat transfers surfaces must be clarified. Recently, the temperature and the dry patches on the heat transfer surface can have been measured by two-dimensional distribution. Those experimental results indicated that forming and expanding the dry patches triggered the CHF phenomenon. However, it seems that no conclusion has yet been reached on the mechanism of the expansion of the dry patches and what determines the origin of the dry patch. More detailed measurements and development of the measurement techniques will be needed. On the other hand, as we consider from the viewpoint of CHF at nuclear power plants, the experimental results under high pressure conditions and high subcooled conditions are still few. The studies are expected to progress in the future.